Keywords: electric vehicles, human powered vehicles, hybrid power, human electric coupling, energy efficiency optimizationabstractElectric vehicles and human powered vehicles (such as India's Tuk Tuk and Southeast Asia's Tun Tu) need to solve core issues such as power distribution and efficiency balance through the coordinated drive of manpower and electricity. This article analyzes the technical implementation path of mechanical coupling mechanisms, control algorithms, and energy manage

Keywords: electric vehicle, rickshaw, battery technology, fast charging, battery swapping mode BMSabstractThe battery system is the core bottleneck of electric vehicles and human powered vehicles. This article analyzes the technical solutions and commercial applications of battery selection, charging protocols, and battery swapping modes.2.1 Comparison of lithium battery typesLithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery:Energy density 120-150Wh/kg, cycle life2000 times (80% capacity retention rate), cos

Keywords: electric vehicle, rickshaw, body structure, lightweight, ergonomics NVHabstractThe structure of the vehicle directly affects its performance and user experience. This article analyzes the technical path and engineering cases from material selection, structural optimization to NVH control.3.1 Comparison of Main Framework MaterialsHigh strength steel (HSS):Yield strength of 420MPa, density of 7.8g/cm 3, cost of $1.2/kg, suitable for mid to low end vehicle models (such as Thai Tuk Tuk mod

Keywords: electric vehicles, human powered vehicles, intelligent control, connected vehicles, autonomous driving, sensorsabstractIntelligent control is the development direction of electric vehicles and human powered vehicles. This article analyzes the technical architecture and engineering practice of communication protocols, sensor technology, and autonomous driving.4.1 Limitations of Traditional Control SystemsMechanical instrument panel:Only displaying vehicle speed and battery level, unable

Keywords: electric vehicles, human powered vehicles, safety technology, collision testing, regulatory compliance, operational supervisionabstractSafety is the core of electric vehicle and rickshaw design. This article analyzes the technical solutions and regulatory requirements of active safety, passive safety, and regulatory standards.5.1 Active safety technologyABS+EBD system:Adopting the Bosch 9.3MP system, the braking distance is reduced by 20% (such as the Bajaj Qute model in India), and th

Keywords: electric scooter, power system, wheel hub motor, mid mounted motor, transmission efficiencyabstractThe power system is the core of electric scooters, directly affecting their performance and user experience. This article analyzes the technical selection and optimization strategies of motor types, drive control, and transmission structures.1.1 Comparison and Selection of Motor TypesHub Motor:Structural features: The motor is directly integrated into the interior of the wheel, without ad

Keywords: electric scooter BMS、 Lithium batteries, balanced charging, thermal managementabstractThe battery management system is the key to the safety and lifespan of electric scooters. This article analyzes the technical solutions and engineering practices of battery selection, balancing technology, and thermal runaway protection.2.1 Comparison of lithium battery types18650 cylindrical battery:Energy density of 250Wh/kg (such as Samsung INR18650-35E), cycle life of 500 times (80% capacity rete

Keywords: electric scooter, body structure, carbon fiber, aluminum alloy, finite element analysisabstractThe body structure determines the strength, weight, and cost of the scooter. This article analyzes the technical path and engineering cases from material selection, connection process to simulation optimization.3.1 Comparison of Main Framework Materials6061-T6 aluminum alloy:The yield strength is 275MPa, the density is 2.7g/cm 3, and the cost is $5/kg, suitable for mid to low end vehicle mode

Keywords: electric scooter, intelligent control, APP interconnection, autonomous driving, sensorsabstractIntelligent control is the development direction of electric scooters. This article analyzes the technical architecture and engineering practice of communication protocols, sensor technology, and autonomous driving.4.1 Limitations of Traditional Control SystemsMechanical throttle:By controlling the motor speed through a cable, the response delay is greater than 200ms, making it impossible to

Keywords: electric scooter, safety technology, braking system, anti-skid design, electromagnetic lockabstractSafety is the core of electric scooter design. This article analyzes the technical solutions and standard requirements from braking performance, anti-skid structure to anti-theft system.5.1 Comparison of Braking SystemsElectronic Brake (E-ABS):By reversing the motor to generate electromagnetic resistance, the braking distance is 3 meters (initial speed of 25km/h), but the efficiency decre