Intelligent Control System for Electric Scooters: Technological Evolution from APP Interconnection to Autonomous Driving

Keywords: electric scooter, intelligent control, APP interconnection, autonomous driving, sensors

abstract

Intelligent control is the development direction of electric scooters. This article analyzes the technical architecture and engineering practice of communication protocols, sensor technology, and autonomous driving.

4.1 Limitations of Traditional Control Systems

Mechanical throttle:

By controlling the motor speed through a cable, the response delay is greater than 200ms, making it impossible to achieve precise speed regulation.

Physical buttons:

Single function (only supports power on/off/lighting), unable to expand new functions (such as navigation, anti-theft).

4.2 Intelligent Hardware Architecture

Main control chip:

Adopting STM32F407VET6 (168MHz main frequency, 512KB Flash), supporting Bluetooth 5.0 and CAN bus communication.

Sensor Fusion:

Integrated MPU6050 (accelerometer+gyroscope), Hall sensor (speed detection), ultrasonic radar (obstacle avoidance).

4.3 APP interconnection function

Remote control:

Realize switch lock and speed regulation within 10 meters through Bluetooth BLE 4.2 (e.g. App 9 supports 0-25km/h stepless adjustment).

Data statistics:

Record cycling mileage, energy consumption, and fault codes (such as push notifications when battery voltage is abnormal).

4.4 Autonomous driving technology

Low speed following (L2 level):

By using UWB ultra wideband positioning (accuracy ± 10cm), it is possible to achieve 1-meter distance following at speeds of 1-5km/h (such as the prototype of Xiaomi's autonomous scooter).

Obstacle avoidance algorithm:

Based on the YOLOv5 object detection model, pedestrian/vehicle recognition with a response time of less than 50ms (requires cooperation with NXP i.MX 8M Plus processor).

4.5 Network Security Protection

Data encryption:

Encrypt communication data using AES-256 algorithm to prevent man in the middle attacks (such as forging control instructions).

OTA upgrade:

By using differential upgrade techniques such as BSPack tools, the firmware package volume can be reduced by 70% and the upgrade time can be shortened to 3 minutes.

conclusion

Intelligent control needs to shift from "single function" to "systematic interconnection". Through sensor fusion, autonomous driving, and network security technologies, a safe and convenient travel ecosystem can be built.